Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol3.iss2.136

Keywords:

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Social Phobia, Secondary School Adolescents

Abstract

Social phobia is a mental health problem that has been repeatedly linked with adolescents. This study therefore investigated the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) on social phobia among secondary school adolescents in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a pretest – posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample comprised of 104 secondary school adolescents identified with some levels of social phobia from the two randomly selected schools among the three senatorial districts of Oyo State. The selected students, grouped by schools and subsequently, treatment groups, were 51 and 53 for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The experimentation spanned a period of eight weeks, with ACT administered to the experimental group and placebo of leadership styles administered to the control group. The Social Phobia Inventory (SPI) was adopted and used for screening and in pretest and posttest stages. A statistical hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance by means of the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). It was found that treatment with ACT significantly reduced the level of social phobia among school-going adolescents. ACT was therefore recommended for use in relieving school-going adolescents suffering from social phobia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

<p>American Psychiatric Association. (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;q=American+Psychiatric+Association.+(2000)+Diagnostic+and+statistical+manual+of+mental+disorders,+(4th+ed.,+text+rev.).+Washington,+DC%3A+American+Psychiatric+Association." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Bamgboye, E. A., Lucas, E. O., Agbeja, B. O., Ogunleye, B. O. &amp;Fawole, I. (2005). Statistical analysis and inferences.In A. I.Olayinka, V. O. Taiwo, A. Raji-Oyelade&amp; I. P. Farai (Eds.). Methodology of Basic and Applied Research. Ibadan: The Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan. ISBN: 978-37883-9-6.<br />&nbsp;<br />Beesdo K., Knappe S., &amp; Pine, D.S. (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics of North America; 32(3):483-524.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Biglan, A. &amp; Hayes, S.C. (1996) Should the Behavioral Sciences Become more Pragmatic? The Case for Functional Contextualism in Research on Human Behavior.Applied and Preventative Psychology: Current Scientific Perspectives, 5, 47-57.&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(96)80026-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Block, J. A. (2002). Acceptance or change of private experiences: A comparative analysis in college students with public speaking anxiety. Doctoral dissertation. University at Al-bany, State University of New York.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Block%2C+J.+A.+%282002%29.+Acceptance+or+change+of+private+experiences%3A+A+comparative+analysis+in+college+students+with+public+speaking+anxiety.+Doctoral+dissertation.+University+at+Al-bany%2C+State+University+of+New+York&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Carta, M.G., Hardoy, M. C. &amp;Cadeddu, M. (2004) Social phobia in an Italian region: Do Ital-ian studies show lower frequencies than community surveys conducted in other European countries. BMC Psychiatry; 4(31): 1-6. 20.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-4-31" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Chhabra, V., Bhatia, M. S., Gupta, S., Kumar, P., &amp; Srivastava, S. (2009). Prevalence of social phobia in school-going adolescents in an urban area.Delhi Journal of Psychiatry 12(1), 18-22.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Chhabra%2C+V.%2C+Bhatia%2C+M.+S.%2C+Gupta%2C+S.%2C+Kumar%2C+P.%2C+%26+Srivastava%2C+S.+%282009%29.+Prevalence+of+social+phobia+in+school-going+adolescents+in+an+urban+area.Delhi+Journal+of+Psychiatry+12%281%29%2C+18-22.&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Donald, C. C. &amp; Oluyinka, O. (2017) Prevalence and correlates of social phobia and its impact on the academic performance of university students at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. International Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4(4): ISSN: 2394-9414<br />&nbsp;<br />Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., &amp;Petermann, F. (1999). Frequency and comorbidity of social phobia and social fears in adolescents.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(9), 831-843.&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00179-X" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Gaudiano, B.A. (2016): Evaluating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Analysis of a Recent Critique IJBCT Consolidated 5,(3&amp; 4):311.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100891" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Gren-Landell, M., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Rohlin, G., Anderson, G. &amp;Svedin C.G. (2009) Social phobia in Swedish adolescents: Prevalence and gender differences.Soc Psychi-try PsychiatrEpidemiol, 44(1): 1-7. 21.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0400-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Harikrishnan, U., Ali, A. &amp;Sobhana, H (2016), Prevalence of Social Phobia among School Going Adolescents, International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, (4),74, ISSN:2348-5396 (e), ISSN:2349-3429 (p), DIP:18.01.039/20160304, ISBN:978-1-365-46362-4<br />&nbsp;<br />Harris, R. (2006) Embracing Your Demons: An Overview of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Psychotherapy in Australia, 12, 2-8.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Harris%2C+R.+%282006%29+Embracing+Your+Demons%3A+An+Overview+of+Acceptance+and+Commitment+Therapy.+Psychotherapy+in+Australia%2C+12%2C+2-8.&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Hayes, S.C., Levin, M.E., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J.L. and Pistorello, J. (2013) Ac-ceptance and Commitment Therapy and Contextual Behavioral Science: Examining the Progress of a Distinctive Model of Behavioral and Cogni- tive Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44, 180-196.&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., &amp; Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Hayes%2C+S.+C.%2C+Strosahl%2C+K.+D.%2C+%26+Wilson%2C+K.+G.+%281999%29.+Acceptance+and+commitment+therapy%3A+An+experiential+approach+to+behavior+change.+New+York%3A+Guilford.&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Hitchcock C. A, Chavira D.A. &amp;Stein M.B., (2009). Recent findings in social phobia among children and adolescents.Israel Journal of Psychiatry &amp; Related Sciences 2009; 46(1):34-44.<br /><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Hitchcock+C.+A%2C+Chavira+D.A.+%26Stein+M.B.%2C+%282009%29.+Recent+findings+in+social+phobia+among+children+and+adolescents.Israel+Journal+of+Psychiatry+%26+Related+Sciences+2009%3B+46%281%29%3A34-44.&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Kessler, R.C., Burglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Marikangas, K. R., &amp; Walters E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distribution of DSM-IV Disorders in the Na-tional Comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General psychiatry; 62(6): 593-605.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Kitchener, B. A., Jorm, A. F., &amp; Kelly C. (2013). Mental health first aid manual. 3rded.melbourne: mental health first aid, Australia.<br />&nbsp;<br />Larmar, S., Wiatrowski, S. and Lewis-Driver, S. (2014) Acceptance &amp; Commitment Therapy: An Overview of Techniques and Applications.Journal of Service Science and Management, 7,216-221&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2014.73019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Mental Disorders (2014).Social phobia.Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. Retrieved from<a href="%20http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Social-phobia.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Social-phobia.html</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Merikangas, K., He J., Burstein, M., Swanson S. A.,&amp;Avenevoli S., Cui L., Benjet C., Geor-giades, K. &amp;Swendsen J. (2010) Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Study Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of America Academics Child Adolescence Psychiatry 2010 Oct; 49(10):980-989.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Murrell, A. R., Al- Jabari, R., Moyer, Novano, E. &amp;Connally M.E. (2016) An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach to adolescents Suicide. University of North Texas, USA<br />&nbsp;<br />National Institute of Mental Health (2009). The numbers count: Mental disorders in America. NIMH.<br />&nbsp;<br />Ogunleye, B. O. (2011). "Team pair solo" cooperative learning and personality type as deter-minants of students' achievement and attitude to Chemistry. African Research Review 5 (6): 259-276.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i6.22" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Ranta, K., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rantanen, P. &amp;Marttunen, M. (2009): Social phobia in Finnish general adolescent population: prevalence, comorbidity, individual and family corre-lates, and service use. Depress Anxiety, 26: 528-536.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20422" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Ryan, J. L. &amp; Warner, C.M. (2013). Treating adolescent with social anxiety disorders in schools.&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3259736/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PubMed</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Schneier, F. R. (1991). Social Phobia.Psychiatric Annals 21(6):349-353<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19910601-07" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/11256-000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Tjak, A., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits M. &amp;Emmelkamp, P. M. (2015). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems.&nbsp;<br /><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25547522/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PubMed</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Uzonwanne, F. C. (2014). Prevalence of Social Phobia, Gender and School Type among Young Adults in Nigerian Universities; Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 2 (8) pp: 36-45 ISSN(Online) : 2321-9467<br /> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=bg&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Uzonwanne%2C+F.+C.+%282014%29.+Prevalence+of+Social+Phobia%2C+Gender+and+School+Type+among+Young+Adults+in+Nigerian+Universities%3B+Journal+of+Research+in+Humanities+and+Social+Science%2C+2+%288%29+pp%3A+36-45+ISSN%28Online%29+%3A+2321-9467&amp;btnG=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a><br />&nbsp;<br />Wittchen, H., Stein, M., &amp; Kessler, R. (1999). Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: Prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity.<br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798008174" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crossref</a></p>

Downloads

Published

2019-12-31

How to Cite

Babalola, S. O., & Ogunyemi, A. O. (2019). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA, 3(2), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol3.iss2.136